Green sonochemistry fabrication of pure Gd2Sn2O7 nanoparticles with advanced photocatalytic efficiency for elimination of dye pollutions

The insufficiency of clean water sources has become a perilous tension for the future of the world that one of the eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions is the photocatalytic process for removal of artificial dyes and poisonous organic impurities. In the current research, an eco-friendly sonochemistry process was accomplished to gain Gd₂Sn₂O₇ (GSO) nanoparticles with progressive photo-catalytic proficiency. Lysine amino acid as a green capping agent and ethylenediamine (en) as an alkaline agent were utilized with effective surface categories aiming to manage the growth of formed nuclei with the design of spatial barriers around the metal cations and lastly, stop nano-sample accumulation. The figure and dimension of products was studied by various characterization procedures of spectroscopic and microscopic. The photo-degradation performances of the pure Gd₂Sn₂O₇, Gd₂Sn₂O₇/SnO₂ and Gd₂Sn₂O₇/SnO₂/Gd₂O₃ nanocomposites were tested to the removal of diverse synthetic dyes. The outcome of the type of dye, nano-catalyst composition, pH and scavenger kind was labeled on modifying ability of Gd-Sn-O nano-catalyst task. Optimized Gd₂Sn₂O₇/SnO₂/Gd₂O₃ nanocomposites have an efficiency of 98% for degradation of erythrosine dye that ^?OH radicals support photo-degradation of contamination.     

Experimental investigation of supercapacitor based regenerative energy storage for a fuel cell vehicle equipped with an alternator

Recently, researchers have devoted more attention to supercapacitors (SCs) to integrate with batteries in energy storage systems (ESSs) for vehicle applications. In this study, we attempted to characterize the use of SCs in the ESS for a PEM fuel cell vehicle equipped with an alternator to maximize the performance of regenerative braking. We applied lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and SCs as energy storage devices to examine their effect on ESS. Then we used a hysteresis brake to apply controllable braking force on the flywheel to form hybrid braking (HB) and made efforts to study its behavior to suggest a braking control strategy. We also ran the whole system over the rotational speed to cover the range of driving speed. At last, we sized the SCs for the most commonly used fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) in Korea, i.e., Hyundai NEXO, based on the results obtained from the above study by alternator efficiencies.     

Study on the relationship between the particle size distribution and the effectiveness of the K‐powder fire extinguishing agent

The relationship between the particle size distribution and the extinguishing effectiveness of the new K‐powder fire extinguishing agent has been studied experimentally, to explore the reason of the great extinguishing efficiency exhibited by the new K‐powder fire extinguishing agent on Class B fire (liquid fuel fire). The results of the experiment showed that the extinguishing effectiveness increased along with the decrease of the particle size distribution. In addition, a sharp discontinuity appeared around the limiting size, about 40 μm. The powder with the particle size below 40 μm exhibited highly effective extinguishing with the minimum effective extinguishing concentration C_xr = 23 g·m^?3, while the powder with the particle size above 40 μm exhibited little fire extinguishing efficiency. Compared with other fire extinguishing agents produced by different substances, the new K‐powder fire extinguishing has the bigger limiting size. That means, in the same particle size distribution, the new K‐powder fire extinguishing agent contains more highly effective powder than others contain, and is more effective.     

Isothermal crystallization kinetics and subsequent melting behavior of β‐nucleated isotactic polypropylene/graphene oxide composites with different ordered structure

The effects of ordered structure on isothermal crystallization kinetics and subsequent melting behavior of β‐nucleated isotactic polypropylene/graphene oxide (iPP/GO) composites were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The ordered structure status was controlled by tuning the fusion temperature (T_f). The results showed that depending on the variation of crystallization rate, the whole T_f range could be divided into three regions: Region I (T_f > 179 °C), Region II (170 °C ≤ T_f ≤ 179 °C) and Region III (T_f < 170 °C). As T_f decreased from Region I to Region III, the crystallization rate would increase substantially at two transition points, due to the variation of the ordered structure status. Calculation of Avrami exponent n indicated that the ordered structure induced the formation of two‐dimensional growing crystallites rather than three‐dimensional growing crystallites. Moreover, in the case of isothermal crystallization, the ordered structure effect (OSE) can also greatly increase the relative content of β‐phase (β_c). In Region II, OSE took place, resulting in evident increase of β_c, achieving 92.4% at maximum. The variation of the isothermal crystallization temperature (T_iso) had little influence on the T_f range (Region II) of the OSE. The higher T_f in Region II was more favorable for the formation of higher β_c. The ordered structure was favorable for the improvement of the nucleating efficiency of β‐nucleating agent (β‐NE), and was more effective for the improvement of lower β‐NE. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

液态CO2辅助喷涂发泡聚氨酯硬泡的研究

采用三组分聚氨酯硬泡喷涂高压发泡机,以HCFO-1233zd(E)或HFO-1336mzz(Z)为主体发泡剂,将液态CO2作为第三组分添加,制备了喷涂聚氨酯硬泡。对比了不同含量CO2喷涂发泡制得的聚氨酯泡沫制品的性能。结果表明,添加液态CO2会使泡沫的乳白时间缩短,凝胶时间和固化时间延迟;添加适量液态CO2可以提高泡沫制品的压缩强度,能降低泡沫的闭孔率;添加少量液态CO2会使泡沫的泡孔分布更加均匀,泡沫更加细腻,可以提高HFO类发泡体系泡沫的综合性能,尤其能提高泡沫超低温环境下的绝热性能。     

Hybrid electric power plant sizing strategy based on ab-initio fuel cell design for weight minimization

This work presents a methodology for the design of a hydrogen fuel cell-based hybrid electric power plant for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), where a battery bank and ultracapacitors are also considered as components of the hybrid power plant. The methodology considers the design features of an electric vehicle and evaluates its energy and power requirements as to fulfil a driving cycle. The work starts by weight minimizing a fuel cell taking into consideration its physical and electrochemical characteristics. Batteries and ultracapacitors are then sized according to their dynamic response features and considering specifications from commercial candidate cells, to propose an electric configuration and specify the baseline for a hybrid power plant. In order to illustrate the methodology, a crossover utility electric vehicle and a WLTC class I drive cycle are used. This work shows that by reducing the power plant size, power and energy requirements can also be minimized and the overall performance can be increased promoting fuel and costs savings. For comparison and to show the impact of weight minimization on the energy on board and cost, this work presents the energy and power required by different power plant configurations. Results showed that including ultracapacitors to the power plant offers more benefits, such as less stress on batteries, at a marginal initial cost compared to a case without ultracapacitors, where batteries should attend transients with a limited capability for energy recovery from regenerative breaking. The methodology is easily implemented and does not large computational resources providing with a power plant baseline for further design stages, such as particular energy management approaches depending on particular priorities for the developer, such as range, productivity and performance, economy and others.     

胶凝剂对彩砂耐磨性的影响研究

以钢渣颗粒为骨料,分别包裹无机胶凝剂、有机胶凝剂和无机-有机复合胶凝剂制备人造彩砂,研究了胶凝剂掺量对彩砂耐磨性的影响,并利用XRD、SEM及TG等方法测试彩砂的结构组成特性。结果表明,随胶凝剂掺量的增加,彩砂磨损率先快速降低后趋于平缓;单独用无机胶凝剂和有机胶凝剂所得彩砂的磨损率均较高,分别为2.39%~0.58%和1.70%~0.80%;采用在无机胶凝剂中掺加小于10%有机胶凝剂配制的复合胶凝剂,彩砂的磨损率显著降低,最低可降至0.05%。复合胶凝剂中无机组分与有机组分发生协同反应是彩砂磨损率显著降低的原因。     

An immunosensor detects carcinoembryonic antigen by a double reduction strategy based on polyphenylamine as a sacrifice reducing agent

In this paper, a novel Ag NPs-PANI/MnO₂ tag was synthesized for the first time, and the electrochemical immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was achieved. In this experiment, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were used as an electrochemical sensing platform to increase conductivity and improve electrode surface capture antibody (Ab₁). We use PANI as a green sacrificial agent reduces Ag NPs and MnO₂, while improving the conductivity and electrochemical stability of the immunosensor. MnO₂ and Ag NPs effectively raise the sensitivity of the sensor by catalytically reducing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) into water and oxygen to achieve a double amplified sensing signal. It is found that the surface plasmon resonance of Ag NPs has an interesting SERS characteristic structure, and the equivalent circuit simulation of the electrode assembly process results in an error of less than 10%, indicating that the electrochemical immunosensor is successfully prepared. Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor has a linear range of 0.0005–80 ng/mL and a detection limit of 0.17 pg/mL (S/N = 3). The immunosensor is expected to be used in clinical laboratories to detect CEA and other tumor markers in human plasma for precancerous screening or surveillance.     

Synthesis of a novel char-forming agent (PEIC): Improvement in flame retardancy,thermal stability,and smoke suppression for intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene composites

A novel char-forming agent named PEIC was designed and synthesized combining pentaerythritol octahydrogen tetraphosphate (PEPA) and tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate. PEIC was combined with the silica-gel-microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (OS-MCAPP), preparing intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene (PP) composites. The results of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) show that the composite containing 30 wt % IFR with OS-MCAPP:PEIC = 2:1 presents the optimal LOI of 32.7%. Meanwhile, the cone calorimeter tests show that its peak heat release rate is 432 kW m⁻², which decreases by 62.1% compared with that of pure PP, showing a high-efficient flame retardancy. The exhibited UL-94 V-0 rating for all the composites indicates that the IFR composed of PEIC and OS-MCAPP has high-efficient flame retardancy in PP. The analysis of residue char reveals that PEIC could improve the quality of char in compactness, intumescentia, and the degree of graphitization. Further, the effect of IFR on the mechanical properties of PP composites was also evaluated and discussed. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48296.     

Egg shell waste as an activation agent for the manufacture of porous carbon

Egg shell waste was used as an activation agent directly for the manufacture of a biomass-derived porous carbon,which possessed a surface area of 626 m~2·g~(-1) and was rich in nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen functionalities. The activation mechanism was proposed, and the carbon showed its potential to act as an adsorbent for the adsorptive removal of various contaminants from both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions, possessing maximum adsorption capacities of 195.9, 185.1, 125.5 and 44.6 mg·g~(-1) for sulfamethoxazole, methyl orange, diclofenac sodium and dibenzothiophene, respectively. Through the utilization of egg shell waste as a sustainable activation agent, this work may help to make the widely applied biomass-derived porous carbons more economical and ecological.